英国皇家认可委员会即UKAS，United Kingdom Accreditation Service ，是负责认证机构认可和实验室测量及试验认可的国家机构，是英联邦乃至世界最权威的认可机构。

概述

它不但成功地进行了英联邦国家实验室和认证机构的认可，而且在欧盟国家、美洲和其它地区也展开了卓有成效的工作，并为世界认可工作的开展提供了典范。ISO9000国际标准起源于英国BS5750标准，ISO14000环境管理体系标准也是起源于英国BS7750标准(由英国标准协会BSI起草)，由此可见英国质量认证与环境管理体系认证是走在世界前列的。取得被国际承认的、权威的认可机构的认可，就能向客户有效地证明一个认证机构的独立性、公正性和技术能力。带有UKAS皇家标志的认可标记和认证证书对于全球环境管理界来说是权威和信誉的象征。

 

历史

UKAS的前身是英国国家认证机构认可委员会(NACCB)，它主要根据国际标准EN45011、EN45012、E45013分别认可从事产品、质量管理体系和环境管理体系认证的认可机构。它的另一部分，实验室测量及试验的认可委员会(NAMAS)，是这一领域的先驱，是按国际标准EN45001和ISO EC Guide25独立评审并认可实验室的校准和试验。取得NAMAS的认可是许多实验室进行质量管理的重要举措。它对促进全球实验室认可制度的建立与发展有着不可估量的作用，在世界上享有相当高的声誉。

 

适用范围

UKAS英国皇家皇冠认可标志不仅在以下欧盟成员国得到一致承认：德国、法国、意大利、比利时、荷兰、丹麦、希腊、西班牙、奥地利、芬兰、挪威、瑞士、瑞典、冰岛、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、卢森堡，而且在美国、日本也得到各界一致承认，同时UKAS认可也在前苏联地区和其它国家得到官方承认：加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、新加坡、印度、南非、埃及、巴基斯坦、苏丹、缅甸、赞比亚、坦桑尼亚、西萨摩亚、乌干达、文莱、瓦努阿图、汤加、牙买加、斯威士兰、期里兰卡、圣文森特和格林哪丁、圣卢西亚、圣克里斯托弗和尼维斯、赛舌尔、塞蒲路斯、赛拉利昂、尼日利亚、瑙鲁、孟加拉国、毛里求斯、马来西亚、马耳他、马拉维、马耳代夫、莱索托、所罗门群岛、肯尼亚、津巴布韦、加纳、基里巴斯、圭亚那、格林纳达、刚比亚、斐济、多米尼加联邦、博兹瓦纳、伯利兹、巴哈马、巴布亚新几内亚、巴巴多斯、安提瓜和巴布达。

 

前身

UKAS的前身是英国国家实验室认可机构(NAMAS)和认可机构(NACCB)。分别从事各自的实验室和认证机构的认可。NAMAS是由从事校准实验室认可的英国检定服务局(BCS)和从事测试实验室认可的国家测试实验室认可处(NATLAS)于1985年合并而成的。BCS早在1966年就从事校准实验室认可，NATLAS于1981年开始测试实验室认可。1985年8月1日在英国政府协调下，NAMAS和NACCB合并，英贸工部批准正式成立UKAS。现有职员90名，其中负责实验室认可工作的80人，其余10人负责认证机构的认可工作。90人中有55人是技术人员。UKAS属政府支持的私营机构，公司对外开展有偿服务，但不以盈利为目的，UKAS和政府签署了谅解备忘录，因此UKAS是唯一代表英国开展合格评定的认可机构，代表英国参与国际多边和双边合作活动，UKAS有管理层成员11人，公司的决策机构是董事执行委员会，由7名委员组成。下设政策咨询委员会和技术咨询委员会。咨询委员共23人，全部来自UKAS以外的部门。UKAS全年维持经费900万英镑，其中政府补贴性拨款63万，占7%，其余靠认证、认可、人员培训收入。UKAS主要业务是产品认证，体系认证机构认可，实验室认可，人员培训，环境认证和环境管理认证等。UKAS认可的实验室分三类，即校准实验室(从事量值传递与校准的)、测试实验室(开展非标准测试，评审细则为MIO)、检验实验室(按标准要求测试，评审标准EM 45001)。

英国是开展认证较早的国家之一。原国家计量局与UKAS的前身BCS、NATLAS和 NAMAS早有联系，并派入到NAMAS进修过。国家技术监督局成立后，我国认证部门多次组团考察过英国的认证制度。NACCB和现在的UKAS都多次接待过国家局的代表团。

此外，英国劳氏船级社(Lloyd’s Register of Shipping缩写LR)与国家局也有交往。英国劳氏船级社也译作英国劳埃德船级社，是世界上成立最早的一个船级社，其机构庞大，历史较长，在世界船舶界享有盛名，是国际公认的船舶界权威认证机构，在军工、工程等方面也颇有名气。它主要从事有关船舶标准的制定与出版，进行船舶检验，检定船能，公布造船规则等。在许多国家的港口设有办事机构或验船师。它曾参与ISO9000族标准的修改和认可条例的修改。还在世界各地设有30多家代表处，在当地招聘审核员，从事认证工作。

该社曾接待过我国不少代表团，交流过对ISO9000标准的理解，审核、认证的步骤，但不打算与中国的认证机构合作，而想在中国打开市场。目前该社已在中国的北京、上海、香港设有代表处，雇佣中国的审核员。

The Royal Commission recognized that UKAS United, Kingdom Accreditation Service, is responsible for the accreditation of certification bodies and laboratory measurement and test approved by state agencies, the Commonwealth and the world's most authoritative institutions.

Summary

It not only succeeded in the Commonwealth National Laboratory and certification body accreditation, but also launched a very fruitful work in the European Union, America and other regions, and provides a model for the world to work. ISO9000 international standard originated in the British standard BS5750, ISO14000 environmental management system standard is originated in the British standard BS7750 (drafted by the British Standards Association BSI), thus the UK quality certification and environmental management system certification is at the forefront of the world. To be recognized by the international, the authority of the accreditation body, you can effectively prove to the customer a certification body of independence, impartiality and technical ability. The recognition mark and certification certificate of the Royal logo of UKAS is a symbol of authority and prestige for the global environmental management.

History

UKAS is the predecessor of the British National Accreditation Board Certification Authority (NACCB), which is mainly according to the international standard EN45011, EN45012 and E45013 respectively recognized institutions engaged in products, quality management system and environmental management system certification. The other part of the laboratory measurement and test Accreditation Committee (NAMAS), is a pioneer in this field, according to the international standard EN45001 and EC Guide25 ISO independent review and Accreditation of laboratory calibration and testing. The recognition of NAMAS is an important measure for the quality management of many laboratories. It plays an important role in promoting the establishment and development of the global laboratory accreditation system, which enjoys a high reputation in the world.

Scope of application

UKAS of the royal crown mark has not only been recognized in the EU Member States: Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Austria, Finland, Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, Iceland, Ireland, Portugal, Luxemburg, and has been recognized from all walks of life in the United States and Japan, at the same time by UKAS also in the former Soviet Union and other countries to get official recognition: Canada, Australia and New Zealand, Singapore, India, South Africa, Egypt, Pakistan, Sultan, Burma, Zambia, Tanzania, Uganda, Brunei, Samoa, Vanuatu, Tonga, Jamaica, Swaziland, St. Vincent and Green period Lilanka, which Ding, Saint Lucia, St. Christopher and Nevis, Seychelles, Cyprus, Sierra Leone, Nigeria Leah, Nauru, Bangladesh, Mauritius, Malaysia, Malta, Malawi, Lesotho, Maldives, Malta Solomon, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Garner islands, Kiribati, Guyana, Grenada, Gambia, Fiji, Dominica, Belize, federal, Boz Varner, Bahamas, Barbados, Papua New Guinea, Antigua and barbuda.

predecessor

UKAS is the predecessor of the national laboratory accreditation bodies (NAMAS) and accreditation bodies (NACCB). Respectively engaged in their own laboratories and certification bodies. NAMAS was incorporated in 1985 by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (BCS), which is accredited by the calibration laboratory, and the National Testing Laboratory Accreditation (NATLAS), which is recognized by the testing laboratory. BCS as early as 1966 is engaged in calibration laboratory accreditation, NATLAS in 1981 began testing laboratory accreditation. In August 1, 1985 the British government under the coordination of NAMAS and NACCB combined, the British Trade and industry formally approved the establishment of UKAS. Existing staff of 90, which is responsible for the work of the laboratory accreditation of 80 people, and the remaining 10 are responsible for the certification body accreditation. 55 of the 90 people are technical staff. UKAS is a private institution supported by the government, foreign companies to carry out the paid service, but not for profit purposes, UKAS and the government signed a memorandum of understanding, so UKAS is the only authorized institutions on behalf of the British to carry out conformity assessment, on behalf of the British participation in international multilateral and bilateral cooperation activities, UKAS members of the management team of 11 people, the company's decision-making mechanism is the director of the executive committee consists of 7 members. Policy Advisory Committee and technical advisory committee. Advisory Committee of 23 people, all from the Department of UKAS. UKAS throughout the year to maintain funding of 9 million pounds, of which the government subsidy funds 630 thousand, accounting for 7%, and the rest by certification, accreditation, personnel training income. UKAS main business is product certification, system certification body accreditation, laboratory accreditation, personnel training, environmental certification and environmental management certification, etc.. UKAS laboratory accreditation is divided into three categories, namely the calibration laboratory (engaged in traceability and calibration), laboratory test (carry out non standard test, assessment rules for MIO), laboratory (test, according to the standard evaluation criteria of EM 45001). Britain is one of the countries that carry out certification earlier. The former State Bureau of Metrology and UKAS's predecessor BCS, NATLAS and NAMAS have long been linked, and sent into the NAMAS study. After the establishment of the State Bureau of technical supervision, China's Certification Department has repeatedly visited the UK's certification system. NACCB and now UKAS have received a delegation of the state council.